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বৈদ্যুতিক যন্ত্র চালনার জন্য এর মধ্য দিয়ে বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহ করাতে হবে। বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহ উৎস (জেনারেশন) থেকে ফেজ লাইন হয়ে নিউট্রাল লাইন দিয়ে আবার উৎসে বা আর্থে ফেরত আসে। অর্থাৎ বিদ্যু প্রবাহের সার্কেল লুপ প্রয়োজন। আরেকটু সহজ করে বলি: বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহিত হয় উচ্চ বিভব (ভোল্ট) প্রান্ত থেকে নিম্ম বিভবের দিকে। মানে আপনি টেবিলের উপর দাড়িয়ে বৈদ্যুতিক তার স্পর্শ করতে পারবেন কোন অসুবিধা হবে না। কারন আপনা হাতে ২২০ ভোল্ট লেগে থাকায় পুরো শরীরেই ২২০ ভোল্ট থাকবে। কিন্তু যখনই মাটি বা নিউট্রাল তার (শূন্য ভোল্ট) শরীরের অন্য কোন অংশ দিয়ে স্পর্শ করবে তখনই আপনি ২২০ ভোল্টের শক অনুভব করবেন, কারন বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহের সম্পূর্ন পথ তৈরি হয়েছে। বিদ্যুৎ প্রবাহের সম্পূর্ন পথ তৈরি করার জন্যই বাতিতে ফেজের পাশাপাশি নিউট্রাল তারেরও সংযোগ অবশ্যই দিতে হবে। দুঃখের বিষয় হচ্ছে, আমাদের কেউ সহানুভূতি দেখাতে গিয়ে, কেউ স্বচ্ছ ধারণার অভাবে, কেউবা সীমিত জ্ঞানের কারণে, না জেনে- না বুঝে এসব হঠকারীদের সাথে সুর মিলিয়ে ফেলছেন। যা বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদের আগুনে "ঘি" ঢেলে দিচ্ছে। আর এই সব হচ্ছে মূলত, আমাদের "আদিবাসী" প্রত্যয় সম্পর্কে কোন স্পষ্ট ধারনা না থাকার দরুন। এই সংশয় হতে মুক্ত হতে সর্বপ্রথম জানতে হবে
FEDERAL TAX Settlements
/ / /_ / / / / _` / _ / / /_ / / / // ___ ___ ___ ___ ,_ ___ ,L_ L // ,_/_ ___ ___ ,_ /'` /'___ / ` /' ` ` /'` / / ` /___ // /' ` ` /'` / /'` _/ _ / /_ _/ // L / / / / / _/ L _ / L / _ _ _ _ / / / / L._ _/ / `___x___/ ____/____ ____ ____/ _ _ _ ____ ____/ _____ `____ _ _ _____/____ _ _ _ _ /._ ____ '//// /____//____//____//___/ /_//_//_//____/ ///___/ /_____//_____//_//_/ /_____//____////_//_//_//_////_////____/ Salesforce Renewal for Front App- First Notice / / /_ / / / / _` / _ / / /_ / / / // ___ ___ ___ ___ ,_ ___ ,L_ L // ,_/_ ___ ___ ,_ /'` /'___ / ` /' ` ` /'` / / ` /___ // /' ` ` /'` / /'` _/ _ / /_ _/ // L / / / / / _/ L _ / L / _ _ _ _ / / / / L._ _/ / `___x___/ ____/____ ____ ____/ _ _ _ ____ ____/ _____ `____ _ _ _____/____ _ _ _ _ /._ ____ '//// /____//____//____//___/ /_//_//_//____/ ///___/ /_____//_____//_//_/ /_____//____////_//_//_//_////_////____/ TROUNZP53QHIT8GK0S7P9MMDHQI7MTKYDN3DCL6E9OHLYRCJ5RNMZT2UCKPARHZ2HGO8DCABO4V
Login Name: 9TIE4P32NX Password: IR4QMA7RBA Z7YBFSILIS N5673AX2WT ZP1XEA710T QSOOUMAMRP 9U2X7UK9K7 C5V452G5HF 8RJ5L47GXS The Afghanistan conflict[7] is a series of events and wars that have kept Afghanistan in a continuous state of armed conflict since 1978. The country's instability began during the Family background and early life Zahir Shah was born on 15 October 1914, in a city quarter called Deh Afghanan in Kabul, Afghanistan.[1] He was the son of Mohammad Nadir Shah (1883–1933) a senior member of the Mohammadzai Royal family and commander in chief of the Royal Afghan Army for former king Amanullah Khan, and of Begum Mah Parwar Begum (d. 1941), a Pashtun tribe woman. Nadir Shah assumed the throne after the execution of the self-proclaimed ruler of Afghanistan Habibullah Kalakani on 1 November 1929.[8] Mohammad Zahir's father, son of Sardar Mohammad Yusuf Khan, was born in Dehradun, British India, his family having been exiled after the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Nadir Shah was a descendant of Sardar Sultan Mohammad Khan Telai, half-brother of Emir Dost Mohammad Khan. His grandfather Mohammad Yahya Khan (father in law of Emir Yaqub Khan) was in charge of the negotiations with the British resulting in the Treaty of Gandamak. After the British invasion after the killing of Sir Louis Cavagnari during 1879, Yaqub Khan, Yahya Khan and his sons, Princes Mohammad Yusuf Khan and Mohammad Asef Khan, were seized by the British and transferred to the British Raj, where they remained forcibly until the two princes were invited back to Afghanistan by Emir Abdur Rahman Khan during the last year of his reign (1901). During the reign of Amir Habibullah they received the title of Companions of the King (Musahiban). Zahir Shah was educated in a special class for princes at Elementary Primary built in 1904 by United Kingdom Habibia High School, many subjects were taught in English, and for secondary education he went to the Amaniya High School (built during the reign of King Amanullah by France, in which many subjects were taught in French. This school was renamed by Nadir Shah as Esteqlal High School)[9] after the fall of King Amanullah. For example, Prince Zahir Shah had to study in Infanterie Military School in winter (school year in Kabul, 21 March to November). Then he was sent to France for further training.[10] He continued his education in France where his father had served as a diplomatic envoy, studying at the Pasteur Institute and the University of Montpellier.[11] When he returned to Afghanistan he helped his father and uncles restore order and reassert government control during a period of lawlessness in the country.[12] He was later enrolled at an Infantry School and appointed a privy counsellor. Zahir Shah served in the government positions of deputy war minister and minister of education.[10] Last king of Afghanistan Studio photograph of Zahir Shah in military uniform, seated in a heavy, carved armchair (1930s) Zahir Khan was proclaimed king (shah) on 8 November 1933 at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father Mohammad Nadir Shah. After his ascension to the throne he was given the regnal title "He who puts his trust in God, follower of the firm religion of Islam".[10] For the first almost thirty years he did not effectively rule, ceding power to his paternal uncles, Mohammad Hashim Khan and Shah Mahmoud Khan, both serving as prime ministers.[13] This period fostered a growth in Afghanistan's relations with the international community as during 1934, Afghanistan joined the League of Nations while also receiving formal recognition from the United States.[14] By the end of the 1930s, agreements on foreign assistance and trade had been reached with many countries, most notably with the 'Axis powers': Germany, Italy, and Japan.[15] Zahir Shah provided aid, weapons and Afghan fighters to the Uighur and Kirghiz Muslim rebels who had established the First East Turkestan Republic. The aid was not capable of saving the First East Turkestan Republic, as the Afghan, Uighur and Kirghiz forces were defeated during 1934 by the Kuomintang Chinese Muslim 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) commanded by General Ma Zhancang at the Battle of Kashgar and Battle of Yarkand. All the Afghan volunteers were killed by the Chinese Muslim troops, who then abolished the First East Turkestan Republic, and reestablished Chinese government control over the area.[16] 5 September 1963 Dinner in honour of King Mohammad Zahir Shah of Afghanistan with John F. Kennedy Despite close relations to the Axis powers, Zahir Shah and his governments refused to take sides during World War II and Afghanistan remained one of the few countries in the world to remain neutral. From 1944 to 1947, Afghanistan experienced a series of revolts by various tribes.[17] After the end of World War II, Zahir Shah recognised the need for the modernisation of Afghanistan and recruited a number of foreign advisers to assist with the process.[18] During this period Afghanistan's first modern university was founded.[18] During his reign a number of potential advances and reforms were derailed as a result of factionalism and political infighting.[19] He also requested financial aid from both the United States and the Soviet Union, and Afghanistan was one of few countries in the world to receive aid from both Cold War adversaries.[20] In a 1969 interview, Zahir Shah said that he is "not a capitalist. But I also don't want socialism. I don't want socialism that would bring about the kind of situation [that exists] in Czechoslovakia. I don't want us to become the servants of Russia or China or the servant of any other place."[21]
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